The results of this EPA effort were remarkable. From 1986 to 1995, average lead concentrations in U.S. urban air decreased 78%.
Additional research has shown that the effects of lead in our environment are even worse than originally thought. For example, this extraordinary article in the Washington Post details studies that strongly indicate a link between lead exposure and later criminal activity. The article describes research by economist Rick Nevin:
The theory offered...is that lead poisoning accounts for much of the variation in violent crime in the United States. It offers a unifying new neurochemical theory for fluctuations in the crime rate, and it is based on studies linking children's exposure to lead with violent behavior later in their lives.
The centerpiece of Nevin's research is an analysis of crime rates and lead poisoning levels across a century. The United States has had two spikes of lead poisoning: one at the turn of the 20th century, linked to lead in household paint, and one after World War II, when the use of leaded gasoline increased sharply. Both times, the violent crime rate went up and down in concert, with the violent crime peaks coming two decades after the lead poisoning peaks.
Note that the Bush administration already corrupted cost-benefit analysis of pollution reduction in favor of the oil and timber industries, while it took undeserved credit for reducing crime. Now we can see the faux cost-benefit analyses they've done on environmental issues needs fixing for one more reason: Crime reduction saves the huge tax costs of incarceration as well as the cost in human lives of criminals and their victims.